El cine induce a los adolescentes a consumir tabaco. es necesario implementar políticas públicas para contrarrestar este fenómeno / Cinema induces adolescents to consume tobacco. it is necessary to implement public policies to counteract this phenomenon

El consumo de tabaco es la primera causa de mortalidad prevenible en el mundo. Para combatir esta epidemia, los países miembros de la Organización Mundial de la Salud han firmado, y la mayoría de ellos ratificado, el Convenio Marco para el Control del Tabaco. El artículo 13 de este tratado regula toda forma de publicidad, promoción y patrocinio del tabaco. Las guías para la implementación de este artículo reconocen que la presencia de tabaco en el cine es una forma de promoción de los productos del tabaco dirigida principalmente a los jóvenes. En esta revisión describimos la relación entre la industria del cine y la del tabaco en los últimos 100 años, los estudios de corte transversal y longitudinales que demuestran cómo la exposición a tabaco en el cine induce a los jóvenes a iniciarse en el tabaquismo, y las políticas públicas recomendadas para evitar la presencia de tabaco en el cine, al menos en las películas para niños y adolescentes.

Tobacco use is the primary preventable cause of death and disability in the world. To combat the tobacco epidemic, most countries have signed and ratified the World Health Organzation’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). Article 13 of this treaty requires implementation of a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. Implementation guidelines for Article 13 recognize that the depiction of tobacco use in commercially-produced films promotes tobacco use amongst young people. In this article we review the relationship between the tobacco industry and the movie industry over the past 100 years; the cross sectional and longitudinal studies that demonstrate a causal relationship between exposure to movie smoking depictions and youth smoking initiation; and the policy interventions recommended by the WHO to limit youth exposure to tobacco in movies.

O tabaco e sua legislação no cenário internacional – A Convenção Quadro para o Controle do Tabaco como paradigma frente à diplomacia e à governança em saúde global / Tobacco and its legislation on the international scene - the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control as a paradigm considering diplomacy and global health governance / Tabaco y su legislación en el ámbito internacional - El Convenio Marcopara el Control del Tabawco como paradigma frente a la diplomacia y lagobernanza en la salud mundial

No presente artigo objetiva-se, essencialmente, discutir a aproximação entre a diplomacia em saúde e as políticas públicas relativas ao combate e controle do tabaco, destacando a importância da cooperação em saúde global para a concretização dos alicerces edificados na Convenção-Quadro para o Controle do Tabaco (CQCT), primeiro tratado internacional na área de saúde que foi negociado pelos países membros da Assembleia Mundial de Saúde. Pretende-se, também, ponderar sobre a saúde global e o papel da governança no âmbito da regulação internacional do tabaco, e traçar um elo entre a CQCT e a diplomacia. Foi concluído que as demandas em saúde exigem um empenho global e a legislação que estabelece o controle do tabagismo surge como a primeira medida internacional inserida em um contexto de diplomacia em saúde e governança, visando políticas públicas para promover a saúde global...

The aim of this article is essentially to discuss the intersection between diplomacy and public healthpolicies to combat and control tobacco use, stressing the importance of cooperation in global health toachieve the foundations for the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the first international treaty on health which was negotiated by the member countries of the World Health Assembly. Theaim is also to evaluate the global health and the role of governance in international tobacco control aswell to draw a link between the FCTC and diplomacy. It was concluded that health demands require aglobal commitment and the legislation establishing control of smoking appears as the first international measure included in a context of diplomacy in health and governance, aiming public policy-making forthe promotion of global health...

En este artículo se pretende analizar en esencia la legislación internacional de tabaco, teniendo en cuentael Convenio Marco para el Control del Tabaco (CMCT), el primer tratado internacional en el área de salud negociado por los países miembros de la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud, destacando la importancia de lade la cooperación internacional para la implementación de tal Convención. Se pretende también sopesar la salud mundial y el papel de la gobernanza en la regulación internacional del tabaco, y establecer una relación entre el CMCT y la diplomacia. Fue concluido que las demandas de salud requieren un compromiso global y la legislación que establece el control del consumo de tabaco aparece como la primera medida internacional insertada en un contexto de la diplomacia en salud y la gobernanza orientada a las políticas públicas para la promoción de la salud global...

Compliance to Gutka ban and other provisons of COTPA in Mumbai.

BACKGROUND: Cigarettes and other tobacco products act 2003 (COTPA) is the principal law governing tobacco control in India. Government of Maharashtra in one of its landmark decisions also banned manufacturing, sale and distribution of gutka and pan masala since July 2012. The desired impact and level of enforcement of the COTPA legislation and the gutka and pan masala ban in Maharashtra State, however, needs assessment. Among the many provisions within COTPA, the present study seeks to assess compliance to implementation and enforcement of Section 5 and 6 of COTPA including compliance to gutka and pan masala ban in Mumbai, India. METHODOLOGY: Six educational institutes (EI) within the Mumbai metropolitan region were selected in a two stage random sampling process. Area around each EI was manually mapped and all the tobacco products selling outlets with in the 100 yards distance were listed by trained Field Social Investigators and were observed to determine compliance for Section 5 and Section 6 of the COTPA legislation and for gutka and pan masala ban. The vendors/shop owners manning these outlets were also interviewed for their personal sociodemographic details, self‑tobacco use, awareness and perception about ill‑effects of tobacco and existing tobacco control legislation in the country. RESULTS: A total of 222 tobacco retail outlets were listed within 100 yards of the EI in violation to the provisions of Section 6 of COTPA, of which 72 (32.4%) were selling tobacco products on mobile structures. About 53.2% of the tobacco vendors were also users of some form of tobacco. Whereas, nearly 217 (97.7%) vendors were aware about the gutka and pan masala ban in the State, only 48.2% were aware about the existence of COTPA legislation. None of the EI had a display board prohibiting the sale of tobacco products within a radius of 100 yards of their EI. Only 56.3% tobacco outlets had complied with the mandatory warning display boards indicating tobacco products will not be sold to people below 18 years of age. With regards to point of sale advertisement only 25.2% compliance was noted for display of health warning boards at the point of sale. Nearly 48.6% tobacco outlets exhibited >2 display boards and another 43.2% exhibited hoardings with brand pack photo, brand name in violation to the provision under Section 5. Violation by visible stacking and open display of tobacco products for sale was observed at 51.3% of tobacco outlets. While 41% of tobacco outlets were found displaying gutka and pan masala packets in violation to the ban. CONCLUSIONS: Enacting of the law without robust measures for enforcement has led to widespread noncompliance to the provisions with in the tobacco control legislation in the metropolitan city of Mumbai. Strong and sustainable measures needs to be incorporated both by civic administration and public health departments for its forceful implementation.

Improvement in prevalence of tobacco use among teachers in Bihar after COTPA.

CONTEXT: A high prevalence of tobacco use, even among educated professionals like teachers, has been reported from Bihar. After passing of the Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) in 2003, there have been major improvements in tobacco control nationwide. AIMS: To compare tobacco use prevalence among school teachers in Bihar reported in 2000 with a survey in 2008 and investigate correlates of current and past tobacco‑use. METHODS: Data from the baseline survey of a cluster random sample of 72 government schools conducted during the beginning of two consecutive school years was analyzed. RESULTS: The prevalence of current tobacco use was 35.5% and past use, 11.3%. Likelihood of current use compared with no use increased with age (odds ratio [OR] =3.27 for > 50 years compared to < 30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.50, 7.13]); whereas that of past use compared to current use decreased (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: [0.09–0.68] for age > 50 years compared to < 30 years). DISCUSSION: Compared to the tobacco use prevalence among Bihar school teachers reported from a survey in the year 2000 (77.4%), the prevalence in this survey in 2008 was much lower and past use, much higher. In the earlier survey, lal dantmajan was counted as a tobacco product. If we do the same in the current survey, and consider ever use, the prevalence even then was 53.9%, lower than the earlier figure. Although the tobacco use among teachers in Bihar is still high, it has decreased after the implementation of COTPA and the cessation has increased.